Realism vs Modernism
Common Saying: There's nothing new under the sun. Visually speaking, a cave painting from millennia ago could be mistaken for modern art. The issue is too big to discuss. It's commonly thought that modern art began at the start of the 20th century. That isn't strictly true. You could go back and go back and there would forever be an earlier start. Impressionism is a good benchmark for an earlier start. It attempted to bring scientific concepts into the use of color. Great artists who mistakenly get labeled as impressionist--Cezanne, Gaugin, Van Gogh--had one foot in the 19th century and another in the 20th. Picasso reached back to African sculpture of a much earlier time which the cultures did not see as art in the Western sense we're familiar with. Many modern art histories begin with him. (You could say that Africa is at the heart of modernism, although that would not be strictly true.) The impressionists were rebelling against the encroachment of industrial civilization, but there were other 19th century art movements, different from impressionism, that rebelled similarly.
As I say, the subject is much to large to talk about. We might be better served to focus in on what we as individuals like, and also on what will serve to make us better adapted to the times we live in and face.
ALBERTI
For this discussion his is the key name to remember, for he invented a scientific method of measuring distance that is, to me, the most useful measure of realism. BTW, A relief sculpture of Alberti looked for all the world like a black man.)
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